X Report 29 Sep 2025
In today's update, SpaceX successfully launched 28 Starlink satellites from Vandenberg, while Italy grapples with its satellite strategy amid rising reliance on Starlink services.
RADUGA 31 (23010)
COSPAR: 1994-012A | Alt Name: Raduga
Image
Additional Sources
Launch Details
Launch Date
February 18, 1994
Launch Site
Launch Pad
LC81/23
Launch Vehicle
Proton-K/DM-2
Orbital Elements
NORAD ID
23010
International Designator
1994-012A
Epoch
Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:27:16 GMT
Apogee
Calculating...
Perigee
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Inclination
14.13°
Right Ascension
348.11°
Eccentricity
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Argument of Perigee
155.70°
Period
1436.75 min
Mean Motion
1.00 rev/day
Latitude
Calculating...
Longitude
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Altitude
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Velocity
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Polar Plot
3D Visualization
Basic Satellite Info
Name
RADUGA 31
Alternative Name
Raduga
Type
Payload
Status
Non-operational
Owner
VKS
Country
Russia
Constellation
N/A
Related Satellites
Major Events
N/A
Latest TLEs
1 23010U 94012A 26185.01894569 .00000081 00000-0 00000-0 0 9995
2 23010 14.1284 348.1113 0001366 155.6957 198.3573 1.00225962118512
Source: Celestrak
Summary
RADUGA 31, also known as Raduga, is a communication satellite operated by VKS and manufactured by NPOPMR. Launched on February 18, 1994, from the TYMSC launch site using the Proton-K/DM-2 vehicle, it has a configuration designated as KAUR-3 and belongs to the Raduga bus series. With dimensions of 5.5 meters in length, 2.5 meters in diameter, and a span of 9.5 meters, RADUGA 31 has a launch mass of 1,965 kilograms and a dry mass of 1,800 kilograms. Its primary payload consists of 3 Delta-1 C-Band transponders and 3 Delta-2 C-Band transponders, powered by two deployable solar arrays and batteries. The satellite has an expected lifetime of 3 years and follows a mission dedicated to communication services.
Physical Characteristics
Length
5.5
Diameter
2.5
Span
9.5
Dry Mass
1800
Launch Mass
1965
Shape
Step Cyl + 2 Pan
Radar Cross Section
3.1622
Visual Magnitude
Unknown
Color
Unknown
Material Composition
Unknown
Technical Details
Payload
Gran' No. 40L
Purpose
Communication
Mission
Communication
Manufacturer
NPOPMR
Life Expectancy
3 years
Bus
Raduga
Configuration
KAUR-3
Motor
Unknown
Equipment
3 Delta-1 C-Band transponders, 3 Delta-2 C-Band transponders
Power System
2 deployable solar arrays, batteries
ADCS
Unknown
Transmitter Frequency
Unknown
Map
Next Pass
Azimuth Elevation Time (Local)
Start Azimuth
Max Elevation
Stop Azimuth
Time Until
Pass Duration
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