GVM Satellite Bus

Data current as of 2026-07-20.

The GVM bus accounts for 9 cataloged objects, of which 6 are in orbit and 2 are active. 3 have reentered. Most are built by YUZH. The largest operator on this bus is YUZH. The first launched in 1977, the most recent in 2024.

6
In orbit
2
Active
9
Total launched
3
Reentered

GVM launched per year

1 2 3 1977: 3 launched, 1 since reentered 1978: 1 launched, 1 since reentered 1979: 0 objects launched 1980: 0 objects launched 1981: 0 objects launched 1982: 0 objects launched 1983: 0 objects launched 1984: 0 objects launched 1985: 0 objects launched 1986: 0 objects launched 1987: 0 objects launched 1988: 0 objects launched 1989: 0 objects launched 1990: 0 objects launched 1991: 0 objects launched 1992: 0 objects launched 1993: 0 objects launched 1994: 0 objects launched 1995: 0 objects launched 1996: 0 objects launched 1997: 0 objects launched 1998: 0 objects launched 1999: 0 objects launched 2000: 1 object launched 2001: 0 objects launched 2002: 0 objects launched 2003: 0 objects launched 2004: 0 objects launched 2005: 0 objects launched 2006: 0 objects launched 2007: 0 objects launched 2008: 0 objects launched 2009: 0 objects launched 2010: 0 objects launched 2011: 0 objects launched 2012: 0 objects launched 2013: 0 objects launched 2014: 1 object launched 2015: 0 objects launched 2016: 0 objects launched 2017: 0 objects launched 2018: 0 objects launched 2019: 0 objects launched 2020: 1 object launched 2021: 1 launched, 1 since reentered 2022: 0 objects launched 2023: 0 objects launched 2024: 1 object launched 1977 1987 1997 2007 2017
Still in orbit Since reentered Click a year to list its satellites.

Typical specifications

Most common values across cataloged GVM satellites.

Manufacturer YUZH
Purpose Vehicle Evaluation
Launch mass 2400 kg
Dry mass 2400 kg
Length 3.2 m
Diameter 1.3 m
Span 3.2 m
Shape Cyl
Propulsion None
Typical orbit 96 min period, 76° inclination

Top operators

YUZH 4 KHRO 3 KHRU 1 NPOL 1

Top countries

RU 5 SU 4

GVM satellites

Track any of them live in KeepTrack.

Name NORAD COSPAR Owner Launched Orbit Status Track
DUMMY SAT 3 GMM KA 59479 2024-069A KHRU Apr 11, 2024 1460 min, 2.2° Active
IPM 3 & PERSEI GMM PN 50505 2021-133A KHRO Dec 27, 2021 87 min, 63.4° Reentered
IPM 2 & BREEZE-M R/B GVM 47242 2020-097A KHRO Dec 14, 2020 1511 min, 5.4° Active
DUMMY SAT 2 & BREEZE-M GVM 5A4PP No. 85501 40355 2014-085A KHRO Dec 23, 2014 1531 min, 10.4° Inactive
DUMSAT Gruzovoy Maket 26086 2000-009A NPOL Feb 8, 2000 96 min, 64.9° Inactive
COSMOS 1025 Kosmos-1025 10973 1978-067A YUZH Jun 28, 1978 87 min, 82.4° Reentered
COSMOS 972 Kosmos-972 10539 1977-123A YUZH Dec 27, 1977 104 min, 75.8° Inactive
COSMOS 956 Kosmos-956 10375 1977-095A YUZH Sep 24, 1977 87 min, 75.8° Reentered
COSMOS 921 Kosmos-921 10095 1977-055A YUZH Jun 24, 1977 96 min, 75.8° Inactive

Frequently asked questions

How many GVM satellites are there?

The catalog lists 9 objects built on the GVM bus. 6 are in orbit and 3 have reentered.

How many GVM satellites are in orbit?

6 GVM objects are currently in orbit, of which 2 carry an active status.

Who builds the GVM bus?

The GVM bus is most commonly built by YUZH.

When did the first GVM satellite launch?

The first cataloged GVM satellite launched in 1977, and the most recent in 2024.

Satellite data compiled by KeepTrack from CelesTrak, Space-Track, and GCAT, provided under CC BY-NC 4.0.